The disk will be recognized as a device of the instance by the system after it is attached to the instance. Different disks are distinguished according to the device name, and then partitioned, formatted and amounted to the instance(configure mount point for Linux,assign drive letter for Windows) to realize the correct configuration and use of disks in the system.
To manage the disks attached to the instance more conveniently, JD Cloud provides the display of the device name in multiple operations involving the disk at the console, but since different operating system kernels correspond to different storage device drivers, the disk will be recognized by the system in different device names after it is attached to the instance. Linux system and Windows system have different ways of naming for devices, but they have an indexing rule of the same order (see the table below). Therefore, during the operations at the console, the device names are uniformly displayed in the form of a Linux system and the display form of a Windows system can be calculated according to the mapping rules.
|Console display|Linux System Display|Windows System Display| |:---|:---|:---|:---| Device Name of System Disk|/dev/vda|/dev/vda|Disk 0| Device Name of Data Disk|/dev/vdb - /dev/vdm|/dev/vdb - /dev/vdm|Disk 1-12|
Meanwhile, during the instance management, there are many operations that will affect the assignment and display of disk device names. To ensure that the instance created by using the whole machine image (the private image contains the snapshot information of data disk attached to the instance) has the same data disk attaching condition as the original instance, we strongly recommend that you ensure the continuity of device names in the system after the disk is attached. The following is a detailed explanation for the disk device name assignment of Linux system and drive letter assignment of Windows system under several different operation scenarios of data disk configuration when an instance is created.
The device name that you see on the console is the name assigned by the system to ensure the attaching order. It is mainly used for the control of relative order when the disk is attached. In the case where there is no device name interruption in the system, it can be guaranteed that the device names displayed at the console are consistent with the real device names inside the instance. If the device names in the system are interrupted due to the detaching operation, there may be cases where the display at the console is inconsistent with that in the system.
In Linux systems, since all attachments need to be configured separately, the device name is the primary concern in disk operations. Each time when the Linux system is started, it will identify the device and assign the device name continuously according to the order in which the disk is attached. In case of a vacancy among device names in the system caused by disk detachment, the system will follow the relative order of original disks and cover the vacancy by forwarding to reassign a device name for it after the instance is restarted, which will cause the original attaching information to be invalid. If the original attaching configuration needs to remain unchanged, the attaching operation needs to be performed again in the system.
In Windows systems, the device name (disks 0- 8) is only used as the index before the system attaching disk. The drive (C-Z) is the real identifier of the disk in the system, and after the detachment is completed, the drive will not be changed during system restart. Therefore, for Windows systems, the drive assignment is the primary concern in disk operations. Windows system will add relevant records to the registry for completely attached disks (initialized, partitioned, and assigned drives), and relevant records and information during the process of creation of images and snapshots will be kept. Therefore, when the disk is attached to an instance, if the information of the instance registry matches the disk information, the system will try to assign the original drive; if the original drive is occupied, the system will remain offline and wait for the user to manually get online and assign the drive; if the information in the instance registry does not match the disk information, the system will directly assign an available drive according to the order. For all new disks or disks that are not completely attached, manual online operation and drive assignment are required.
Device Name Assignment
Example
The private image contains three data disk configuration information and the device names corresponding to snapshots B, C, and D are vdb, vdc, and vdd respectively. When an instance is created based on this image:
Device Name Assignment
All added data disks are New Disks. The device names are continuously assigned by the system in the order of b-m, and the device names internally assigned by the instance are consistent with the device names assigned by the system
Example
If four new disks are manually added, the device names of the four disks are respectively vdb, vdc, vdd, and vde in the order of adding and the device names internally assigned are consistent with the device names assigned by the system
Drive Assignment
When an instance is created based on an image, whether the default disk configuration is included or not, or whether the default disk configuration is deleted or not, as long as the default disk exists, it will be automatically online and assigned according to the original drive after creation. For the remaining new disk:
Example
The private image contains three data disk configuration information. The device names corresponding to snapshots d, e, and f are vdb, vdc, and vdd respectively and the drives are D, E and F respectively. When an instance is created based on this image: